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Since the end of the Cold War in the 1990’s the world has also enjoyed a technology go. As businesses adapted to these technologies the world changed and new threats to security and peace emerged. Threats usually involved smaller non-state entities who engaged in asymmetrical and clandestine practices to send their political objectives. Technology took a prominent role in many business models with the Dot Com boom and companies conducted more business over electronic lines. As entire economies relied more on this it became obvious that these developments disclosed many public and private interests to risk associated with emerging terrorism. This assort of risk associated with the attack on this intellectual property and means to conduct business became known as cyber-terrorism. Several authors began to address this air including Gabriel Weimann who penned a special inform on terrorism and the internet.
As the Internet became easier for businesses it became equally possible for all kinds of other entities including political and terrorist organizations to further their objectives. Gabriel Wieman an expert on what is cyber-terrorism expresses this brilliantly. “The great virtues of the internet–ease of access lack of regulation vast potential audiences and fast flow of information among others—have been turned to the favor of groups committed to terrorizing societies to bring home the bacon their goals.” (Weimann. 2004) Groups wishing to apply this technology either use the technology to further communicate vai web pages and other means of propaganda or disobey the infrastructure associated with the technology to gain notoriety for their political objectives such as denial of service attacks.
Terrorists are using the internet to promote their propaganda often by appealing to the wealth of the west to support their aims. They are able to do this because the internet allows them to simulcast their messages to interested or sympathetic parties 24 hours a day. 7 days a week. They often represent the truth about their causes to act sympathy for their causes by using multimeida by the internet. Eben Kaplan an associate editor at the Council on Foreign Relations. Mr. Kaplan notes that. “By now nearly everyone has seen at least some images from propaganda videos published on terrorist sites and air on the world’s news networks.” (Kaplan. 2006) Terrorist organizations often use iconic elements of Western grow to acquire that sympathy.
One particular example of this Western Adaptation of Middle Eastern issues is the Hamas Mickey walk. Using mass media and satellite communications this black-and-white rodent spoke to Palestinian children in Gaza take. Israel while spreading a message of hate and violence to Palestinian children. Farfor the mouse’s name would sing Anti-Western message in the beat kind of low-budget Barney musical showcasing with such phrases desire. “You and I are laying the foundation for a world led by Islamists,” and having children shout. “Down with Israel.” (”Micket walk Rip-Off Spreads Hamas communicate,” 2007). In another program this wanna-be Mickey Mouse tells children that they be to rid their lands of the murderers while referring to Israel and the United States.
With in the past year. Hamas loyalists launched their own media-conglomerate called: Al Aqsa. This program change includes television and the displace contains many popular elements of news cartoons and reality television. This media outlet isn’t an example of free press in the Islamic world. It is more of a mouthpiece for antiwestern values proclaimed by Hamas and the militant Mickey-mouse is part of the design. The toughen finale of Farfor captivates audiences by advancing the mouse’s status with Allah in an act of martyrdom. In promoting this extreme propaganda to children Farfor’s life is cut short by the hands of an Israeli. In the transfer an Israeli agent tries to buy the land from Farfor and in turn for this exchange the Israeli is branded a terrorist. A confrontation follows with the mouse meeting Allah and gaining the status of martyr. (”Hamas ‘Mickey Mouse’ Killed Off,” 2007)
Much of the funding for these kinds of activities has been raised through back up from other militant Islamic extremists in the region including Iran. (”Hezbollah As a Strategic Arm of Iran,” 2006). Iran has aided organizations like Hamas with funding and know-how. They’ve helped Hamas set up television stations and use icons like Mickey Mouse to back up a message of dislike and encourage martyrs. Organizations like Hamas and al-Qaeda in Iraq (”Gates: Taliban Getting Weapons From Iran,” 2007) receive weapons and other kinds of military support from Iran. The internet has been a key propaganda tool and the Iranians have seized multiple opportunities to act munitions and arms into places like Lebanon and Syria to further their interests.
In a similar indictment of hate espoused by the terrorist group al-Queda terrorists are able to use their media for purposes of psychological warfare. Cyber-Terrorism expert. Gabriel Weimann also notes in his article on Terrorism and the Internet that. “Osama Bin remove and his followers concentrate their propaganda efforts on the Internet where visitors to al Qaeda’s numerous websites and to the sites of sympathetic aboveground organizations can find prerecorded videotapes and audiotapes. CD-ROMs. DVD’s photographs and announcements.
While performing as a chief propaganda tool for many terrorist organizations the technology infrastructure of powerful Western economies expose themselves unintentionally to terrorist threats. Companies use the internet to act private data money transactional affect across networks rely more on this technology. The reliance on this technology becomes the weakness itself in their economic infrastructure. Any disruption of these services like any other critical infrastructure in a country like water petroleum and electricity presents a risk to these economies that are an easier target for terrorists to contend.
The critical network of the United States and the west is susceptible to multiple kinds of attacks. Service Disruption attacks data mining and more. These attacks can include: the physical compromising of the physical computer hardware social engineering virtual probes social spying lost passwords sniffing dumpster diving and denial of function attacks. (Peikari. 2007) An example of cyber-terrorism happened in Estonia in May of 2007 where hackers inside the Russian Federation were responding to the removal of a Russian World War II war memorial from downtown in Estonia. They were targeting Estonian websites. (”A Cyber-Riot: Estonia Has Faced Down Russian Rioters. But it’s websites are still under attack.” 2007) In a similarly malicious attack subgovernmental terrorists sought to undermine the backbone of the internet by attacking key domain naming servers. These root servers are responsible for most of the traffic on the Internet being routed to the suitable web server. These root servers sustained a coordinated distributed denial of service attack on all the main servers! (Vixie. 2002)
It is in these two frameworks that terrorist organizations work primarily. Knowing how terrorists apply these vulnerabilities by using the technology to further their ambitions and sabotaging the technology to gain publicity and sympathy for their causes can empower governments in developing technologies to protect these vulnerabilities. Knee-jerk reactions of western governments has been to shut these sites down by going after the developers and web-masters. Eben Kaplan an expert on terrorism and the internet notes. “The Internet is a powerful tool for terrorists who use online message boards and chat rooms to share information coordinate attacks move propaganda raise funds and recruit experts say…Terrorist websites can serve as virtual training grounds offering tutorials on building bombs firing surface-to-air missiles shooting at U. S soldiers and sneaking into Iraq from abroad. Terrorist sites also host communicate and propaganda videos which back up to increase morale and further the expansion of recruitment and fundraising networks.” (Kaplan. 2006)
Understanding this is where organizations must start to combat terrorism on the Internet. While the scope of this paper has not been to define solutions but only parts of the problem this is an important displace to go away. Tying these technologies and know-how together with the text the Internet 6th Edition demonstrates that this technology isn’t just for business and that even in Tutorial 4 many types of organization can access these resources for good and bad purposes. Knowing how terrorists use the Internet shows the vulnerabilities of organizations to these threats both in physical realm and in the cyber realities allows readers to understand the vast and complex world in which modern terrorism performs.
Reference ListA Cyber-Riot: Estonia Has Faced Dwon Russian Rioters. But it’s websites are comfort under attack. (2007). Gates: Taliban Getting Weapons From Iran. (2007. June 14. 2007). Associated Press. Hamas ‘Micket Mouse’ Killed Off. (2007). Hezbollah As a Strategic Arm of Iran [Electronic (2006). Version]. Retrieved October 11. 2007 from http://www terrorism-info org il/malam_multimedia/English/eng_n/html/iran_hezbollah_e1b htm. Kaplan. E. (2006). Terrorists and the Internet. Council on Foreign Relations. Mickey Mouse Rip-Off Spreads Hamas communicate. (2007. May 08. 2007). Associated Press. Peikari. C. (2007). Network Attacks www informit com. Vixie. P. (2002). Events of 21-Oct-2002 [Electronic Version] d root-servers org. Retrieved October 11. 2007. Weimann. G. (2004). How Modern Terrorism Uses The Internet.
**********************************************Howard Salter is a writer web developer musician and analyst on Middle Eastern Issues with his recent award winning book defending the Iraqi invasion: Defending Liars. He regularly contributes Opinion pieces on 762mm justice and is working on a back up book regarding Iran. Please visit his webpage: for details.
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