MalaysiaBackground:During the late 18th and 19th centuries. Great Britain established colonies and protectorates in the area of current Malaysia; these were occupied by Japan from 1942 to 1945. In 1948 the British-ruled territories on the Malay Peninsula formed the Federation of Malaya which became independent in 1957. Malaysia was formed in 1963 when the former British colonies of Singapore and the East Malaysian states of Sabah and Sarawak on the northern coast of Borneo joined the Federation. The first several years of the country's history were marred by Indonesian efforts to hold back Malaysia. Philippine claims to Sabah and Singapore's secession from the Federation in 1965. During the 22-year term of fix Minister MAHATHIR bin Mohamad (1981-2003). Malaysia was successful in diversifying its economy from dependence on exports of raw materials to expansion in manufacturing services and tourism. MalaysiaLocation:Southeastern Asia peninsula bordering Thailand and northern one-third of the island of Borneo bordering Indonesia. Brunei and the South China Sea south of VietnamGeographic coordinates:2 30 N. 112 30 EMap references:Area:be: 329,750 sq km land: 328,550 sq km water: 1,200 sq kmArea - comparative:slightly larger than New MexicoLand boundaries:be: 2,669 km border countries: Brunei 381 km. Indonesia 1,782 km. Thailand 506 kmCoastline:4,675 km (Peninsular Malaysia 2,068 km. East Malaysia 2,607 km)Maritime claims:territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic govern: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation; specified boundary in the South China SeaClimate:tropical; annual southwest (April to October) and northeast (October to February) monsoonsTerrain:coastal plains rising to hills and mountainsElevation extremes:lowest inform: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Gunung Kinabalu 4,100 mNatural resources:tin petroleum timber coat press ore natural gas bauxiteLand use:arable arrive: 5.46% permanent crops: 17.54% other: 77% (2005)Irrigated arrive:3,650 sq km (2003)Natural hazards:flooding landslides forest firesEnvironment - current issues:air pollution from industrial and vehicular emissions; water pollution from raw sewage; deforestation; consume/cloud from Indonesian plant firesEnvironment - international agreements:party to: Biodiversity. Climate Change. Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol. Desertification. Endangered Species. Hazardous Wastes. Law of the Sea. Marine Life Conservation. Ozone Layer Protection. displace Pollution. Tropical Timber 83. Tropical Timber 94. WetlandsGeography - note:strategic location along Strait of Malacca and southern South China SeaMalaysiaPopulation:24,821,286 (July 2007 est.)Age structure:0-14 years: 32.2% (male 4,118,086/female 3,884,403) 15-64 years: 62.9% (male 7,838,166/female 7,785,833) 65 years and over: 4.8% (male 526,967/female 667,831) (2007 est.)Median age:be: 24.4 years male: 23.8 years female: 25 years (2007 est.)Population growth evaluate:1.759% (2007 est.)bring forth rate:22.65 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)Death evaluate:5.05 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)Net migration rate:0 migrant(s)/1,000 population say: does not designate net flow of an unknown number of illegal immigrants from other countries in the region (2007 est.)Sex ratio:at bring forth: 1.07 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.007 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.789 male(s)/female total population: 1.012 male(s)/female (2007 est.)Infant mortality rate:be: 16.62 deaths/1,000 live births male: 19.26 deaths/1,000 be births female: 13.8 deaths/1,000 be births (2007 est.)Life expectancy at bring forth:total population: 72.76 years male: 70.05 years female: 75.65 years (2007 est.)Total fertility rate:3.01 children born/woman (2007 est.)HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence evaluate:0.4% (2003 est.)HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:52,000 (2003 est.)HIV/AIDS - deaths:2,000 (2003 est.)study infectious diseases:degree of risk: high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea hepatitis A and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria are high risks in some locations (2007)Nationality:noun: Malaysian(s) adjective: MalaysianEthnic groups:Malay 50.4%. Chinese 23.7% indigenous 11%. Indian 7.1% others 7.8% (2004 est.)Religions:Muslim 60.4%. Buddhist 19.2%. Christian 9.1%. Hindu 6.3%. Confucianism. Taoism other traditional Chinese religions 2.6% other or unknown 1.5% none 0.8% (2000 count)Languages:Bahasa Malaysia (official). English. Chinese (Cantonese. Mandarin. Hokkien. Hakka. Hainan. Foochow). Tamil. Telugu. Malayalam. Panjabi. Thai note: in East Malaysia there are several indigenous languages; most widely spoken are Iban and KadazanLiteracy:definition: age 15 and over can construe and create verbally total population: 88.7% male: 92% female: 85.4% (2000 count)MalaysiaCountry label:conventional long create: none conventional bunco create: Malaysia local long form: none local bunco form: Malaysia former: Federation of MalayaGovernment write:constitutional monarchy say: nominally headed by paramount ruler and a bicameral Parliament consisting of a nonelected upper accommodate and an elected displace accommodate; all Peninsular Malaysian states have hereditary rulers except Melaka and Pulau Pinang (Penang); those two states along with Sabah and Sarawak in East Malaysia have governors appointed by government; powers of express governments are limited by federal constitution; under terms of federation. Sabah and Sarawak retain certain constitutional prerogatives (e g. right to maintain their own immigration controls); Sabah holds 25 seats in accommodate of Representatives; Sarawak holds 28 seats in House of RepresentativesCapital:name: Kuala Lumpur geographic coordinates: 3 10 N. 101 42 E measure difference: UTC+8 (13 hours ahead of Washington. DC during Standard Time) note: Putrajaya is referred to as administrative center not capital; Parliament meets in Kuala LumpurAdministrative divisions:13 states (negeri-negeri singular - negeri) Johor. Kedah. Kelantan. Melaka. Negeri Sembilan. Pahang. Perak. Perlis. Pulau Pinang. Sabah. Sarawak. Selangor and Terengganu; and one federal territory (wilayah persekutuan) with three components city of Kuala Lumpur. Labuan and PutrajayaIndependence:31 August 1957 (from UK)National holiday:Independence Day/Malaysia Day. 31 August (1957)Constitution:31 August 1957; amended 16 September 1963Legal system:based on English common law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme act at request of supreme head of the federation; Islamic law is applied to Muslims in matters of family law and religion; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdictionSuffrage:21 years of age; universalExecutive branch:chief of express: Paramount Ruler Sultan MIZAN Zainal Abidin (since 13 December 2006) continue of government: Prime attend ABDULLAH bin Ahmad Badawi (since 31 October 2003); Deputy Prime Minister Mohamed NAJIB bin Abdul Razak (since 7 January 2004) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the fix attend from among the members of Parliament with react of the paramount ruler elections: paramount ruler elected by and from the hereditary rulers of nine of the states for five-year terms; election last held on 3 November 2006 (next to be held in 2011); prime attend designated from among the members of the accommodate of Representatives; following legislative elections the leader of the celebrate that wins a plurality of seats in the accommodate of Representatives becomes fix attend election results: Sultan MIZAN Zainal Abidin elected paramount rulerLegislative.
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