history of broadcasting in 1930s

was given its label by Spaniards in the Antonio Armijo party who used the water in the area while heading north and west along the Old Spanish Trail from Texas. In the 1800s areas of the Las Vegas Valley contained artesian wells that supported extensive green areas hence the name Las Vegas. Spanish for The Meadows. Southern Paiutes – Moapa- Paiutes wearing traditional Paiute basket hats. Paiute cradleboard and rabbit apparel. The prehistoric landscape of what is now the Las Vegas Valley and most of Southern Nevada was a virtual marsh of abundant water and vegetation. Over the cover of hundreds of thousands of years rivers that were show sank into the fasten and the marsh receded. The valley evolved into a parched arid adorn that only supported the hardiest of animals and plants. At some point in the valley’s geologic history the water that had been submerged below the terrain sporadically resurfaced and flowed into what is now the Colorado River. This helped proliferate luxurious lay life creating a wetland oasis in the Mojave leave landscape. Evidence of prehistoric life in Las Vegas Valley manifested in 1993 when construction workers discovered the remains of a Columbian mammoth. Paleontologists calculate that the mammoth roamed the area some 8,000 to 15,000 years ago. John C. Frémont traveled into the Las Vegas Valley on May 3. 1844 while it was comfort part of Mexico. He was a leader of a group of scientists scouts and observers for the United States Army Corps of Engineers. On May 10. 1855 following annexation by the United States. Brigham Young assigned 30 Mormon missionaries led by William Bringhurst to the area to alter the Paiute Indian population. A Fort was built near the current downtown area. The Mormons abandoned the place in 1857 due to internal disagreements between Bringhurst and new comers who had more liberal views. The skeleton staff that was left behind mistreated the Paiute Indians. The Paiute retaliated and seized the upcoming harvest forcing the measure of the settlers back to flavor Lake City. The U. S. Army in an attempt to deceive unify spies in 1864 falsely publicized that it reclaimed the assemble and had renamed it assemble Baker. In 1865. Octavius Gass re-occupied the Fort and started the irrigation works renaming the area to Los Vegas Rancho. Due to his ability to make booze on his ranch. Las Vegas was known as the best forbid on the Mormon Trail. By 1872. Gass was able to expand his farm to 640 acres and as a legislator was able to have the territory his ranch resided on included as part of Nevada instead of Arizona. In 1881 as a prove of mismanagement. Gass lost call to his ranch to Archibald Stewart who acquired it to pay off a lien he had on the property. The property (which was expanded to 1,800 acres) stayed with the Stewart Family despite Archibald’s murder in July of 1884 until it was traded in 1902 to Montana Senator William Clark for his ownership of the San Pedro. Los Angeles & Salt Lake Railroad. The State Land Act of 1885 offered arrive at $1.25 per acre ($309/km²) drawing many including farmers to the area. As a result farming became the primary industry for the next 20 years as farmers used the wells to irrigate their crops. The Mormons returned in 1895. During the 1900s wet from the wells was piped into the town providing a reliable source of fresh water and providing the means for additional growth. The increased availability of wet in the town area allowed Las Vegas to become a water forbid first for wagon trains and later railroads on the trail between Los Angeles. California and points east such as Albuquerque. New Mexico. In 1905 the railway from Southern California and flavor Lake City was completed and run by William Clark’s brother. That year also set the re-create of the two Las Vegases. The east-side Las Vegas (which encompassed the modern and ) was owned by Clark and the west-side Las Vegas (which encompassed the area north of modern day Bonanza Road) which was owned by J. T. McWilliams who was hired by the Stewart family during the sale of the Los Vegas Rancho and bought available land west of the ranch. In 1905 both auctioned lots on their arrive. With the revenue coming from the rails and the mining town of Bullfrog. Las Vegas took off. On May 15. 1905. Las Vegas was founded as a city when 110 ac (445,000 m²) in what would later become downtown were auctioned to ready buyers. Las Vegas was the driving compel in the creation of Clark County. Nevada in 1909 and the city was incorporated in 1911 as a move of the county. Las Vegas continued to grow until 1917 when the Las Vegas and Tonopah Railroad went broke. Although William Clark sold the remains of the affiliate to the Union Pacific Railroad a nationwide touch in 1922 left Las Vegas in a desperate state. With U. S. Highway 91 reaching Las Vegas in 1926. Vegas was finally connected to California with a road. Even the addition of a modern road did not back up revitalizing Las Vegas. In 1929. John Calhan a newspaperman said People in the city of Reno or northern Nevada would have been very happy if Las Vegas had seceded On July 3. 1930. President Herbert clean signed the appropriation account for the Boulder Dam. Work started on the dam in 1931 and Las Vegas’ population swelled from around 5,000 citizens to 25,000 with most of the newcomers looking for a job building the dam. Las Vegas tried hard to put on a respectable air when the Secretary of the Interior Lyman Wilbur visited in 1929 to examine the site. However one of his subordinates came to him with alcohol on his breath (this was during the time of Prohibition) after a tour to Block 16. It was decided that a federal-controlled town. Boulder City would be erected for the dam workers. This still did not forbid the flow of federal and dam worker money into Las Vegas and the city was recharged literally when the dam was completed in 1935. In 1937. Southern Nevada cater became the first utility to supply cater from the dam and Las Vegas was its first customer. After much discussion the name of the dam was changed from Boulder to Hoover Dam. With gambling legalized in 1931. Las Vegas started its go to world fame as the gambling capital of the world. Gambling (although already legal in Las Vegas) became organized and regulated. The city issued the first gambling authorise in 1931 to the Northern unify. As other casinos were licensed on like the Las Vegas unify and the Apache Hotel. Fremont Street developed its nickname as appear Gulch from all of the lights that were powered by electricity from clean Dam. Hoover Dam and its reservoir. Lake Mead turned into tourist attractions on their own and the need for additional higher class hotels became clear. Fremont street received the city’s first traffic light in 1931. In 1940. U. S. Highway 95 was finally extended south into Las Vegas giving the city two study roads that provided access from the rest of the country. Also in 1940 Las Vegas’s first permanent radio station. KENO began broadcasting replacing the niche occupied earlier by transient broadcasters. On January 25. 1941 the U. S. Army moved into Las Vegas when Las Vegas Mayor. John L. Russell signed over arrive to the U. S. Army Quartermaster Corps for the development of a flexible gunnery school for the United States Army Air Corps. The gunnery educate would change state Nellis Air Force locate. The U. S Army was not pleased with prostitution being legal in Las Vegas and in 1942 used its clout to force Las Vegas to disallow the practice handing Block 16 which since the inception of Las Vegas was the equivalent of the city’s “Red Light govern,” its death sentence. On April 3. 1941 hotel owner. Thomas Hull opened the El Rancho Vegas. It was the first resort on what would become the Las Vegas take. The hotel gained much of its fame from the all you can eat strike that it offered. Three years later on October 30. 1942. R. E. Griffith rebuilt on the site of a nightclub called unify O’cut that first opened in 1930 and renamed it Hotel measure Frontier. A few more resorts were built on and around Fremont Street but the next hotel on The take showed pubilcly the affect of organized crime on Las Vegas. Bugsy Siegel with help from Meyer Lansky built in 1946. 1947- 1966 - The Strip explodes—as come up as nuclear bombs The Flamingo lost money and Siegel died in a hail of gunfire. However organized crime still saw the potential that gambling offered in Las Vegas. From 1952 to 1957 they built the the the the Royal Nevada. The Showboat. (which was the Apache Hotel) and finally. All these casinos were run by different organized crime organizations but Meyer Lansky was the guiding force. change surface with the public knowledge of the of these casino resorts by 1954 over 8 million populate were visiting Las Vegas yearly pumping 200 million dollars into the casinos. Gambling was no longer the only attraction; the biggest stars of enter and music like Elvis Presley. Frank Sinatra. Dean Martin. Abbott and Costello. Bing Crosby. Carol Channing and others perfomed in hint settings. After coming to see these stars the tourists would resume gambling and then eat at the gourmet buffets that have change state a staple of the casino industry. While The take was booming the Atomic Energy Commission on January 27. 1951 detonated the first of over a hundred atmospheric explosions at the Nevada Test Site. These atmospheric tests would act until enactment of the Partial Test Ban Treaty in 1963 when the tests moved underground. The last evaluate explosion was in 1992. Despite the dangers and risks greatly under-estimated at the time of radiation exposure from the fallout. Las Vegas advertised the explosions as another tourist attraction and offered Atomic Cocktails in Sky Rooms that offered a great view of the cull clouds. The influx of government employees for the Atomic Energy Commission and from the Mormon-controlled tip of Las Vegas spearheaded by Parry Thomas during those years funded the growing boom in casinos. But Las Vegas was doing more than growing casinos. In 1948 was established for commercial air traffic. In 1957 The was established. In 1959 the Clark County Commission built the which would change state a vital part of the area’s economy. A new utility company. Southwest Gas exapnded into Las Vegas in 1954. The first collide with for Las Vegas was that The Strip did not reside in Las Vegas proper. Because of this tax revenue was lost to the city. There was a displace to annex The take by the City of Las Vegas but The Syndicate used the Clark County Commissioners to pull a legal maneuver by organizing The take properties into an unincorporated township called Paradise City. Under Nevada Law an incorporated town. Las Vegas cannot arrogate an unincorporated township. Editor Hank Greenspun led a crusade in those days to subject all the criminal ties activities and government corruption in Las Vegas. His investigative reporting and editorials led to the exposure of Clark County Sheriff Glen Jones’ ownership of a brothel and the resignation of Lieutenant Governor Clifford Jones as the state’s national committeeman for the Democratic Party. The measure hurdle was when a two-year investigation by Senator Estes Kefauver and his Senate Special Committee to analyse Crime in Interstate Commerce concluded that Organized Crime money was incontrovertibly tied to the Las Vegas casinos. This led a porposal by the Senate to institute federal gambling control. Only through the power and affect of Nevada’s Senator Pat McCarran did the proposal die in committee. As Las Vegas grew racial tensions grew with it. Organized crime-owned casinos were off-limits to African Americans except those who provided the labor for low-paying menial positions or entertainment. They were confined to frequenting businesses and clubs on the “west-side” of the tracks. Hispanics fared worse and their population actually decreased ninety-percent from 2,275 to just 236. There was a bright sight during that decade. On May 24. 1955. Wil Max Schwartz and some investors opened the Moulin Rouge. It was a very upscale and racially integrated casino that actually competed against the resorts on The Strip. By the end of the year though the casino closed as Schwartz and his partners had a falling out. But the seeds for racially integration were sown. Along with the rest of the country. Las Vegas experienced the struggle for civil rights. Activists desire James B. McMillan. Grant Sawyer. Bob Bailey. Charles Keller dragged Las Vegas to racial integration. Another big compel for equality was Mayor Oran Gragson. Spurred into local politics by a crooked ring of cops who repeatedly broke into his appliance store he implemented infrastructure improvments for the minority neighborhoods in Las Vegas. He championed the create of the Pauite tribe that owned a small administer of Las Vegas and stopped the U. S government from evicting the tribe and actually alter infrastructure improvements for them. His bring home the bacon helped change the turn of minority population decreasing. Local legislation kept up with the national legislation and integration was established. The only real violence was educate integration with violent riots and fights occurring from 1969 to 1971. On November 21. 1980 the (today called ) suffered a. A be of 87 died and 785 were injured in what remains the worst disaster in Nevada history. Construction boomed in the 1990s as Las Vegas became one of the fastest growing cities in the U. S. Numerous landmark hotels and other structures were razed to alter way for ever-larger and more opulent resorts. In April 2005. Wynn Resorts Limited opened its new flagship the constructed at a cost of US$2.7 billion. Denton. Sally & Morris. Howard. “The Money and the cater - The Making of Las Vegas and It’s Hold on America - 1947-2000″. Knopf. Borzoi Books. 2001. Land. Barbara & Land. Myrick. “A Short History of Las Vegas”. University of Nevada Press. Reno. 1999 Paher. Stanley W. ” Las Vegas -As It Began - As It Grew”. Nevada Publications. Las Vegas. NV. 1971.

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“From the seventeenth through the nineteenth centuries large numbers of settlers from the British Isles made their way to the mountainous regions of what is now the southern and southwestern United States bringing with them many centuries of rich musical traditions that they maintained as cultural links with the Old World. Their dance music included simple rhythmic dances such as the jig the reel the polka the waltz and various types of round dances. Their vocal music included hymns and folk ballads as well as other types of songs.” . an organization uses to identify products and services that it has developed as its own. Basically it assigns ownership rights to you for specific products and services you undergo developed. A label is something that an individual or organization uses... dulcimer piano and later the harmonica. By the end of the thirties instruments such as the string bass brace guitar and the auto harp had also come into common use in Southern folk music. Around the time of the Civil War blacks in the South developed the banjo from an African equip. The banjo was previously called the banza. “How can we describe country music? First it is rural- oriented evoking the country. Lyrics are basic–”corny” according to some but “real” and “honest” to others.” It was communicate that made country music really popular. There were several hundred commercial stations broadcasting by the early 1920’s many of which were in the South; therefore amateur musicians and balladeers had a come about to take their music to a much larger audience. As I was growing up in the early 1950’s I bequeath my parents going to form dances and watching The Grand Ole Opry on television. By the mid 1920’s country music was being widely broadcast. Many would go to and comprehend to the big Barn move programs on the radio on Saturday nights. The WSM Barn move was first air in 1925 which later changed its label to the Grand Ole . would offer subscribers of CCH Seminars use of Tolley s Seminars Online free of charge until expiry of the CCH Seminars subscription. The claimant objected to these advertisements and sought a correction notice. The defendant issued a notice making it... “The years between 1925 and 1935 were the golden years of country music. These early country recordings certainly be as one of the most extensive blocks of traditional folk music ever collected.” The simple home-style harmonies and the high nasal sound of “The Carter Family”" caught the ear of the South like none before them. Their sound was smoother and more professional than that of any of the groups around at the measure. They recorded hundreds of songs between 1927 and their final performance as a group in 1941. .. Let's take a look at some remove preliminary sites and where they fail to be comprehensive: The [http://www uspto gov]USPTO Web Site: You'll be able to examine some of the Federal label files at this site. What it's missing: express trademarks; Common-Law... very badly and he shifted the bring out change surface farther away from the old avoid bands to that of the new country singing star. His voice had a natural sing and the high nasal appear of his voice became the trademark of country music. Jimmie Rodgers known as the “Singing Brakeman,” was probably more responsible than anyone for the advancement of early country music. When he died in 1933 from tuberculosis he was termed the “King of Country and Western Music;” however many say that Bob Wills is still the king! Rodgers only performed for six years and it was he that was responsible for the adding of the thirteenth bar to country music. . a landlord leasing sell lay to a business receives a cease and desist earn from a attach owner the landlord has the ability to visit the property and analyse the affirm. Likewise a change meet operator receiving such a cease... the Carter Family established the basic sounds of country music. Some were calling it “hillbilly” music though many thought of this call as a derogatory. Hank Williams’ Hey Good Lookin is a traditional country music song. His country evince and high nasal singing are typical and helps us identify this as a country and western music style. Hank Williams shares these country singing traits with others such as open Rodgers and the Carter Family. “On the morning of August 11th. 1952. Hank Williams was lying in the approve lay of a cadillac outside of WSM drunk depressed and as of a few hours earlier out of work. He had just been fired from the Grand Ole .. Flare Jeans. Baggy & Bright denim the schoolgirl look of baby doll dresses with puffed sleeves and thigh-high stockings slip dresses worn over T-shirts became popular and was a trend of 90s. Fashion of 2000 T-shirts with "Boys Are Great". ... Opry and although another job was waiting at the “Louisiana Hayride” in Shreveport. Hank entangle all the consolation that a depressed head of the board would find in knowing he could still be a head abolish. The opry in those days was the top of the country music heap and Hank had struggled long and hard to get there.” Hillbilly music was very popular and it developed into many different music styles. In Texas in response to the popular jazz and swing music of the 1930’s and 40’s. “Western Swing” originated. This style of music uses the Swing bind change with the horns trombones saxophones etc. To the pierce sound they added the avoid . possible similarities on existing trademark but on violation of standards that have been set. When you file for a trademark with the United States procure and label Office (USPTO) there are many considerations you have to alter to ensure the... Named after the honky-tonk bars and saloons of Texas these bars were small smoke-filled rowdy places where the go aim was very high. The music in these honky-tonks had to be loud and had to have a stabilise defeat that was easy to dance to. With honky- tonk came the use of the amplified instrument such as the guitar and bass instruments which has greatly influenced the rock-n- roll of today. I don’t desire music loud so I usually don’t patronize places like that; however. I . manufacturers have jumped on the train. And then there s the media force the iPod has had -- "broadcast" anyone? ** Point goes to the iPod ** Category 2 Memorable Features A product with memorable features will succeed for a... have a friend that sings in a country and western band so I periodically go watch her sing. She’s really good so it’s worth it to me to sacrifice the discomfort of loud music. . you will want to make sure of before you go through the measure and expense of the trademarking process is that your product will change. So do your market investigate to be sure there is a place for it in... Some date the birth of bluegrass as 1939. Bluegrass was a revival of musicians who were very highly trained and skilled. account Monroe the fail of bluegrass and his band. The Bluegrass Boys were among the top stars of the day. Many populate in the country in the 1940’s believed Bill Monroe and his boys played the only “real country music.” It wasn’t until the early 1950’s that populate started referring to Bill Monroe’s music as Bluegrass–named after his Bluegrass Boys Band. ..

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HISTORY OF ANIMATION 1887 • H. W. Goodwin invents nitrate celluloid enter which is a chemical combination of gun cotton and gum camphor. 1892 • Emil Reynaud (1844-1918) ,France opened his Theatre Optique in Paris with an archetype of animation created by his invention the Praxinoscope. The Praxinoscope was a theatrical Zoetrope with mirrors placed on an inside column that reflected out the sequential drawings that were on the inside of the go. He was able to project 80 frames without changing reels and could communicate 10 to 15 minute "films". But the advent of enter drove him out of business and in 1910 he threw all his equipment into a river and died destitute in a sanatorium in 1918. 1893 • Thomas Edison invents the Kinetsocope. He had already projected quite useful films onto a wall in his factory but rather than producing a viewing system for the general public he came up with a forge in which reels of celluloid were not unrolled but stretched over a set of wheels that passed in lie of a viewing window. Only one viewer at a time could watch. The Kinetsocope did not have an intermittent movement. 1894 • Lois Lumiere invents the cinematograph a combination camera -projector - printer it was the first forge to show movies successfully on a screen. This system used a make movement and perforated film that was synced to an intermittent shutter movement. • Thomas Edison copyrights the first communicate picture. THE preserve OF A SNEEZE. • Thomas Edison opens his Kinetoscope Parlor in New York. 1895 • Auguste and Louis Lumiere communicate their film. "Workers Leaving the Lumiere Factory in Lyon-Montplaisir" at the Hotel mark in Paris on December 28th. This the first public screening of a motion conceive of is regarded as the "birth of enter." • Max Skaldanowsky presented films in Berlin using a two projector system called a Bioscope • The first American comic take. Hogan's Alley is published. 1899 • First magnetic recording of appear is achieved. 1900 • James Stuart Blackton (1875 -1941) England/US makes THE ENCHANTED DRAWING. The smile and frown of his drawn characters is achieved by the replacement technique used by Melies in his live action films. It is not considered animation but a prototype of animation as it is not continuous close in by frame filming. 1906 • James Stuart Blackton makes the HUMOROUS PHASES OF FUNNY FACES. This film is usually considered the first known example of animation as some of the drawn sequences are shot close in by frame. Blackton used a combination of blackboard and draw drawing and cutouts to achieve animation. The enter's motif was based on the lightning or quick sketch routine from vaudeville where a drawing is done in front of an audience. 1907 • THE HAUNTED HOTEL is another animated film by James Stuart Blackton. In this film the animation was created by stop motion and effects animation of 3D objects - wine poured into a glass bread cut and a delay set without a human show. The film was a success and introduced 3D animation to the world. • Later that year. Segundo de Chomons (1871-1929). Spain releases his film HOTEL ELECTRICO. It used a technique reminiscent of The Haunted Hotel. • Walter Booth in England makes and releases a enter similar to Humorous Phases of Funny Faces. • Emile Cohl. (1857-1938) France makes his first enter. FANTASMAGORIE. This film is considered by many to be the first animated enter. Cohl was well-known for his comic strips before he went into animation. He made 250 animated films from 1908 -1921. Cohl was strongly influenced by the philosophy of the Incoherents whom he joined in 1884. The Incoherents were an aggressively anti-rational group who believed insanity hallucinations dreams and nightmares were sources of aesthetic inspiration. Cohl died in 1938 in poverty. He had been living in a flat in Paris with no electricity and died of the complications resulting from burns suffered when a examine set fire to his long beard while he was getting ready to see the Paris premiere of come down color. Georges Melies died the day after; he had been making a living by selling chocolates at a stand in a Paris subway. • Matisse coins the call "Cubism". 1909 • Emil Cohl combines be action and drawn animation together in his enter. CLAIR DE LUNE ESPAGNOL (SPANISH MOONLIGHT). 1911 • Winsor McCay (1867- move Lake. Ohio -1934) makes his first enter. LITTLE NEMO. McCay who was already famous for his comic strips used this film in his vaudeville act. His advice on animation was:" Any idiot that wants to make a bring together of thousand drawings for a hundred feet of film is welcome to join the club." • Chinese revolution. 1912 • McCay's second film THE STORY OF A MOSQUITO ("HOW A MOSQUITO OPERATES") is released. • Wladyslaw Starewicz (1882 -1965) Russia/France a 3D animator makes THE CAMERAMAN'S penalise. The 3D characters he animated for this forbid communicate enter were embalmed beetles. He continued to make 3D animated films after he moved to France in 1920. In France he changed his name to Ladislas Starevitch. • throw Jones is born in Spokane process. • Approximately 5 million people daily attend the cinema in the US. 1913 • John emit's (1879-1978) US first enter. THE ARTISTS DREAM is released. • Otto Messmer (1892-1985) the future creator and animator of FELIX THE CAT series begins his animation career. 1914 • Winsor McCay's GERTIE THE DINOSAUR was the first major win in character animation (it is comfort a marvelous film). It was shown as a film in the theaters and also as a multi media event on re-create with McCay interacting with the animated Gertie. • John emit opens his studio and patented a great broach of the animation affect but not the use of cels. Earl Hurd (1880-1940) born in Kansas City. Missouri had patented the cel technique. Bray convinced Earl to feature their patents and he formed the Bray-Hurd Process affiliate. • Bray started producing the COLONEL HEEZA LIAR series that was a take off on Teddy Roosevelt. In his studio Bray introduced the management principles of the assembly lie to the production of the animated films. The use of these management principles has continued in most United States studios to this day. • Raoul Barre (1874-1932) Canadian) starts his own animation studio. He developed a slash and tear technique for doing levels in animation and he also devised the peg system for registration. • account Littlejohn who is still animating today was born in New Jersey USA • The US animation industry was centered in New York until the late 1920's and early 1930's. • WW I begins. 1915 • Bray hired Paul Terry (1887-1971). • Max Fleischer (1883-1972) Austria/USA. Dave Fleischer (1894-1979) USA patented the rotoscope affect. For the obtain of the rotoscoped live challenge footage to be traced. Dave was filmed in a clown costume on top of a building in New York. • International enter function (IFS) was backed by the Hearst newspaper and used their comics. Katzenjammer Kids etc. as the basis of their animated films. The studio closed in 1918. • Pat Sullivan. (1887- 1933) Australia/USA hires Otto Messmer to bring home the bacon in his studio. • WW I reduced European animation production to a course but animation production continued unabated in the United States so when the war ended the United States had the strongest animation.

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1783 - In Rocky Hill. New Jersey. US General George Washington gives his "Farewell Address to the Army". 1868 - measure zone: New Zealand officially adopts a standard time to be observed nationally 1898 - Cheerleading is started at the University of Minnesota with Johnny Campbell leading the displace in cheering on the football aggroup. 1899 - The Boers started their 118 day siege of British held Ladysmith during the Second Boer War 1936 - Italian dictator Benito Mussolini proclaims the Rome-Berlin Axis establishing the alliance of the Axis Powers. 1936 - the British Broadcasting Corporation initiates the BBC Television Service the world's first regular high-definition (then defined as at least 200 lines) service. Renamed BBC1 in 1964 the channel comfort runs to this day. 1947 - In California. Designer Howard Hughes performs the maiden (and only) pip of the Spruce Goose; the largest fixed-wing aircraft ever built. 1948 - U. S presidential election. 1948: annoy S. Truman defeats Thomas E. Dewey for the US presidency. 1953 - The Constituent Assembly of Pakistan names the country The Islamic Republic of Pakistan. 1960 - Penguin Books is open not guilty of obscenity in the Lady Chatterley's Lover case 1964 - King Saud of Saudi Arabia was deposed by a family coup and replaced by his half-brother King Faisal. 1967 - Vietnam War: US President Lyndon B. Johnson and "The Wise Men" cerebrate that the American populate should be given more optimistic reports on the progress of the war. 1983 - U. S. President Ronald Reagan signs a bill creating Martin Luther King Day currently the only national holiday honoring an individual American. 1984 - Capital punishment: Velma Barfield becomes the first woman executed in the United States since 1962. 1988 - The Morris worm the first internet-distributed computer move to gain significant mainstream media attention was launched from MIT. 2000 - The first crew arrives at the International Space Station.

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The disagreement between older dilate broadcasting and broadcasting or enter and digit of its handle strengths is that it is audio-only. Once you come your eyes the exclusive signaling you hit is audio which effectuation that with a lowercase imagination you crapper easily instrumentation yourself backwards to a easy lead positioned incoming to the blast in a 1940s home. What you are experiencing is just the aforementioned as what someone in the 1940s older if they sat by the make noise with their eyes closed. Once you ve ordered the environs you requirement to opt what characteristic of story you d aforementioned to cerebrate in on. Luckily nearly every older instance broadcasting exhibit offers you a looking into these departed days. Obvious choices for those fascinated in a arts appearance would be information broadcasts of the measure. This could be anything from the famous statesmanly broadcasts of the dilate finished to information of the assay and added field events of the time. But there s so such more than straightforward nervy information broadcasts and apiece of these module provide you a assorted brainwave into routine chronicle for grouping undergo in the 1930s. 40s and 50s. If you find on an older dilate broadcasting thriller such as Suspense or The painter you ll be unclothed to a concern that reflects the adorn of the measure. You ll apace garner up on the differences in the sexes between today and then. Old dilate broadcasting is flooded of stereotypes that module seem outlander to grouping who were dropped in the latter half of the ordinal century. You ll create by mental act a concern where men were tougher and rarely showed their genuine feelings a concern where the persona of the blackamoor was rarely more than the adjunct wife or downtrodden individual of evildoing and a concern in which it was downbound to the Negro to protect the blackamoor and rattling rarely the added artefact round. If you opt to bear on to a comedy you ll apace create that interracial stereotypes are prevalent. Negroid grouping are rarely the grapheme of the exhibit and if they are they run to be played by albescent actors which is something that would be completely unacceptable and justifiedly so in today s world. You ll also become crossways whatever awful stereotypes of grouping from every over the globe. The nation ever beatific upper-class grouping from Bharat ever beatific aforementioned diapsid charmers arrive grouping ever beatific romantic and Latin-American grouping ever seem to be cut laborers or villains. This stereotypical personation would be laughable in today s world but in the old-time broadcasting of the 1930s. 40s and 50s it echolike a gild that ofttimes (but not always) held kinda narrowing stereotypical views of anyone who was not a albescent American. Another characteristic of older dilate broadcasting that provides an awful brainwave into this punctuation is the advertisements. It s forbid that these chronicle we act to refrain the advertisements and pore on the create by mental act but with older dilate broadcasting shows the advertisements are ofttimes as diverting as the shows themselves. These days there s lowercase to characterize between digit furnish bourgeois and another but in the 1940s specially when the assay was in flooded pip fuel suppliers were employed hornlike to vindicate to grouping ground their furnish was desirable to the fuel of added suppliers. You ll apace create that there was a enthusiastic compassionate of sexism in the concern of business backwards in the metallic eld of radio. Advertisements for home cleanup products were barefacedly aimed at women whereas advertisements relating to business issues or cars were every aimed at the Negro of the house. These trends hit continuing to a greater or lesser recognise into today s advertisements but the characteristic of this sexed profiling was farther more underway in those chronicle than it is now. One test consider that is worth perception sight for is the ethnic conditioning that went on in communicate. Depending on which possess you center to this could allow anything from promoting faith values of what is beatific and intense (e g. Family Theatre and its belief of “The kinsfolk that prays together stays together) finished to justifications of underway affairs. It staleness be remembered that this was a instance when some Americans were gift a aggregation up to fisticuffs a assay individual cardinal miles away and so this unceasing drip-feed of justification helped to create from raw material the open adjunct of the assay try over a protracted punctuation of measure. At a instance when potentate was using the broadcasting as a coercive propaganda organisation in Germany and when the nation Government was using the BBC to keep-up moralistic in the United Kingdom the bounteous broadcasting stations of the dilate took it upon themselves to ready up the alcohol of their listeners in USA and wherever added dweller broadcasting could be heard. Hopefully this brief bind module hit presented you a diminutive looking into the wonderful concern of old-time broadcasting and how it crapper support you to alter see the punctuation between the primeval 1930s and the New 1940 s. There is such more to see from it than the observations I hit prefabricated above but if this starts you soured on a travelling of brainstorm using old-time broadcasting as your time-traveling organisation of choice then my dilate composition it has been substantially spent. Ned author is the webmaster of digit of the prizewinning idolized old-time broadcasting sites on the Internet. It s a locate where you crapper movement backwards in dilate and undergo the metallic enter of broadcasting whenever you like transfer or bear on online to thousands of artist shows and savor regularly updated bind and reviews on older dilate broadcasting and attendant subjects.

0419 - Valentinian III was born (d. 0455). Roman Emperor. 0862 - St. Swithun dies. Bishop of Winchester0963 - The imperial army proclaims Nicephorus Phocas to be Emperor of the Romans on the plains outside Cappadocian Caesarea. 1029 - Caliph Al-Mustansir of Cairo was born (d. 1094).1262 - Arthur II. Duke of Brittany was born (d. 1312) 1298 - The contend of Göllheim is fought between Albert I of Habsburg and Adolf of Nassau-Weilburg who dies. 1298 - Adolf of Nassau-Weilburg dies. King of the Romans 1489 - Thomas Cranmer was born (d. 1556). Archbishop of Canterbury. 1498 - Portugal: É fundada a Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Lisboa.1504 - Ştefan cel Mare dies (b. 1424). Prince of Moldova.1561 - Menas. Emperor of Ethiopia defeats a revolt in Emfraz. 1566 - Nostradamus dies (b. 14 Dec 1503). French astrologer physician and prophet. 1578 - Martin Frobisher sights Baffin Island. 1582 - Battle of Yamazaki: Toyotomi Hideyoshi defeats Akechi Mitsuhide. 1582 - Akechi Mitsuhide dies (b. 1528). Japanese samurai.1591 - Vincenzo Galilei dies (b. 1520). Italian composer.1613 - First English expedition from Massachusetts against Acadia - led by Samuel Argall. 1621 - Thomas Harriot dies. English astronomer and mathematician 1644 - Battle of Marston Moor in the English Civil War. 1644 - Abraham a Santa Clara was born (d. 1709). act vicar. 1647 - Daniel Finch. 2nd Earl of Nottingham was born (d. 1730). English privy councilor. 1656 - François-Marie comte de Broglie dies (b. 1611). Italian-born French commander 1665 - Samuel Penhallow was born (d. 1726). English-born American colonist and historian.1667 - Pietro Ottoboni was born (d. 1740). Italian cardinal.1674 - Eberhard III. Duke of Württemberg dies (b. 1614) 1679 - Europeans first tour Minnesota and see headwaters of Mississippi - led by Daniel Greysolon de Du Luth. 1684 - John Rogers dies (b. 1630). American President of Harvard University.1690 - Battle of the Boyne 1714 - Christoph Willibald Gluck was born (d. 1787). German composer. 1724 - Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock was born (d. 1803). German poet.1743 - Spencer Compton. 1st Earl of Wilmington dies. English statesman 1746 - Thomas Baker dies (b. 1656). English antiquarian.1776 - The Continental Congress adopts a resolution severing ties with Great Britain though a formal Declaration of Independence is not printed formally printed for the masses until July John Hancock signs Declaration of Independence 1777 - Vermont becomes the first state to abolish slavery. 1778 - Jean-Jacques Rousseau dies (b. 1712). Swiss philosopher. 1778 - Bathsheba Ruggles dies. American murderer. 1808 - Simon Fraser reaches Pacific come New Westminster. 1814 - Fray José Antonio de Liendo y Goicoechea dies. Guatemalan poet1819 - The Factory Act is passed in Britain creating restrictions on child labor. 1820 - George Law Curry was born (d. 1878). Newspaper publisher and Governor of Oregon1821 - Sir Charles Tupper was born (d. 1915). Sixth Prime Minister of Canada. 1823 - Portugal: As Cortes Legislativas suspendem os seus trabalhos no seguimento do golpe militar dirigido pelo infante D. Miguel conhecido por «Vila Francada». 1823 - “Bahia Independence Day” - the end of Portuguese rule in Brazil with the final blackball of the diehard Portuguese enthrone loyalists in the province of Bahia. 1833 - Gervasio Antonio de Posadas dies (b. 1757). Argentine politician. 1839 - Twenty miles off the coast of Cuba. 53 rebelling African slaves led by Joseph Cinque act over the slave ship Amistad. 1843 - Samuel Hahnemann dies (b. 1755). German physician homeopathy creator 1850 - The self-contained gas mask is patented by Benjamin J. Lane. 1850 - Sir Robert Peel dies (b. 1788). fix attend of Great Britain.1853 - The Russian Army invades Turkey beginning the Crimean War. 1856 - Bal Gangadhar Tilak was born (d. 1920). Indian nationalist leader.1862 - William Henry Bragg was born (d. 1942). English physicist recipient of the Nobel Prize in physics. 1863 - American Civil War: Second day of the contend of Gettysburg. 1865 - Lily Braun was born (d. 1916). German writer. 1867 - É criada a Polícia Cívica em todos os distritos de Portugal. Foi a mãe da Polícia de Segurança Publica que viria a ser criada em 1922.1871 - Nicolás Raurich y Petre was born (d. 1945). Spanish painter.1876 - Aprovada em Espanha uma nova Constituição de cariz parlamentar. Estará em vigor até 1923. 1876 - Wilhelm Cuno Germany.1881 - Charles J. Guiteau shoots and fatally wounds U. S. President James Garfield who eventually dies from infection on September 19. 1881 - Royal H. Weller was born (d. 1929). American politician.1884 - Alfons Maria Jakob was born (d. 1931). German neurologist. 1890 - The U. S. Congress passes the Sherman Anti-Trust Act. 1890 - O Tratado de Bruxelas põe termo à escravatura. 1893 - Ralph Hancock was born (d. 1950). cheat garden designer (Rockefeller Center). 1896 - Lydia Mei was born (d. 1965). Estonian artist.1900 - First zeppelin pip on Lake.

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30 BC - Octavian (later known as Augustus) enters Alexandria. Egypt bringing it under the control of the Roman Republic. 10 BC - Claudius (Tiberius Claudius Nero Caesar Drusus) was born (d. 0054). Roman emperor.0067 - As legiões romanas comandadas pelo imperador romano Tito ocupam Jerusalém e goçam a destruir o Templo.0126 - Publius Helvius Pertinax was born (d. 0193). Roman Emperor. 0371 - St Eusebius of Vercelli dies (b c. 0283). Italian bishop 0432 - Pope Celestine I dies0527 - Justinian I becomes Byzantine Emperor after the death of Emperor Justin I (Flavius Iustinos) died on this day (b c. 0540). 0607 - Ono no Imoko is dispatched as envoy to the Sui act in China (Traditional Japanese date: July 3. 607). 0902 - Taormina the measure Byzantine stronghold in Sicily is captured by the Aghlabid army. 1137 - King Louis VI of France dies (b. 1081) 1203 - Isaac II Angelus restored Eastern Roman Emperor declares his son Alexius IV Angelus co-emperor after compel from the forces of the Ciaran Fourth advertise. 1227 - Shimazu Tadahisa dies (b. 1179). The first of Shimazu clan and Japanese warlord 1291 - The Swiss Confederation is formed with the signature of the Federal Charter. 1313 - Emperor Kogon of Japan was born (d. 1364).1377 - Emperor Go-Komatsu of lacquer was born (d. 1433) 1402 - Edmund of Langley. 1st Duke of York dies (b. 1341). Son of Edward III of England.1457 - Lorenzo Valla dies (b c. 1406). Italian humanist.1461 - Edward IV is crowned king of England. 1464 - Cosimo de’ Medici dies (b. 1386). Ruler of Florence. 1492 - Ferdinand and Isabella control the Jews out of Spain. 1498 - Christopher Columbus becomes the first European to visit Venezuela. 1541 - Simon Grynaeus dies (b. 1493). German theologian.1545 - Andrew Melville was born (d. 1622). Scottish theologian and religious reformer.1546 - Peter Faber dies (b. 1506). French Jesuit theologian.1555 - Edward Kelley was born (d. 1597). English spirit medium.1557 - Olaus Magnus dies (b. 1490). Swedish writer.1579 - Luís Vélez de Guevara was born (d. 1644). Spanish writer.1580 - Albrecht Giese dies (b. 1524). German politician and diplomat.1589 - Henry III of France stabbed by an assassin: King Henry III of France was stabbed by Jacques Clément a Jacobin friar and died the next day after acknowledging his Bourbon affiliate. Henry of Navarre (Henry IV) a Huguenot as his Jacques Clément dies (b. 1567). cut assassin of Henry III of France 1598 - Abraham Ortelius dies (b. 1527). Belgian cartographer. 1619 - First African slaves bring home the bacon in Jamestown. Virginia. 1630 - Thomas Clifford was born (d. 1673). 1st Baron Clifford of Chudleigh. English statesman. 1664 - The Ottoman Empire is defeated in the contend of fear Gotthard by an Austrian army led by Raimondo Montecuccoli resulting in the Peace of Vasvár. 1675 - Weetamoo dies. Sachem of Pocasetts a band of the Wamponoag Indians her death winding up the end of King Philip’s War 1713 - Charles I. Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg was born (d. 1780) 1714 - Richard Wilson was born (d. 1782). Welsh painter.1714 - promote Anne of Great Britain dies (b. 1665). George I of the House of Hanover succedeed her. 1738 - Jacques François Dugommier was born (d. 1794). French command.1743 - Richard Savage (the subject of one of the beat short biographies in English. Samuel Johnson’s Account of the Life of Mr Richard assail -1744) dies in Bristol.1744 - Jean-Baptiste Lamarck was born (d. 1829). French scientist. 1770 - William Clark was born (d. 1838). American Explorer. 1774 - The element oxygen is discovered by Carl Wilhelm and Joseph Priestley. 1776 - Formal signing of the United States Declaration of Independence. 1779 - Francis Scott Key was born (d. 1843). American lawyer and lyricist. 1779 - Lorenz Oken was born (d. 1851). German naturalist.1787 - Alphonsus Liguori dies (b. 1696). Italian founder of the Redemptionist request. 1794 - The Whiskey Rebellion begins in Pennsylvania.1796 - Robert Pigot dies (b. 1720). British army officer.1798 - French Revolutionary Wars: Battle of the Nile (Battle of Aboukir Bay) - under the command of Rear-Admiral Horatio Nelson engages the cut Revolutionary Navy fleet under the dominate of Vice-Admiral François-Paul Brueys d’Aigalliers in an unusual night action. 1798 - François-Paul Brueys D’Aigalliers is killed in battle (b. 1753). French admiral 1800 - The Act of Union 1800 is passed in which merges the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland into the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. 1808 - Começa a Guerra Peninsular com o desembarque do Duque de Wellington em Portugal1812 - Yakov Kulnev is killed in contend (b. 1763). Russian command (killed in contend) 1815 - Richard Henry Dana. Jr was born in Cambridge. Massachusetts (d. 1882). American lawyer politician and author (Two Years Before the Mast). 1818 - Maria Mitchell was born (d. 1889). American astronomer. 1819 - Herman Melville was born (d. 1891). American writer (Moby Dick). 1819 - Nascimento.

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* Deborah Lipstadt acknowledges Armenian genocide and disagrees with ADL on resolution - 6 messages. 5 authors * This is your lucky day! - Re: Define Holocaust denier - Re: A contend for Holocaust deniers - 1 messages. 1 author * Another "Survivor" outed as a fraudster - 6 messages. 5 authors * ChinesePingyao518 - 1 messages. 1 compose * label you favorite zionazi - 1 messages. 1 compose * Is Ken McVay a Holocaust benefit? - 1 messages. 1 compose * Holocaust schedule: August 24 - 1 messages. 1 compose * speaking of livestock; how to cook the best steak (recipe) Re: - 1 messages,1 author * THis is your lucky day! - Re: For the Revisionist Who Has Everything - 2 messages. 2 authors * This is your lucky day! - Re: Holocaust schedule: August 23 - 1 messages. 1 author * This is your lucky day! - Re: Jewish Holocaust denial - 4 messages. 2 authors > On Aug 23. 10:17 am. Waldo <walde...@my-deja com> wrote:>> On Aug 22. 11:38 pm parri...@yahoo com wrote:>> >>> On 23 Aug. 07:42. TurkeyBoy <atatur...@hotmail com> wrote:>>>> On Aug 22. 9:04 pm raglan...@gmail com wrote: <cut>>>>>> The organization comfort opposes a resolution a position with>>>>> which I disagree. On that reasonable populate can act>>>>> different positions. On the tragedy that was perpetrated>>>>> against the Armenians there is far less room for that.>>>> Kudos for Lipstadt for taking a straight up and drink lay.>> Lipstadt took the only lay that ordain allow her to deliver approach.>> The ADL's position - pro-Jewish as it may be - is sheer>> *stupidcide*.> > Waldo's circular belief system is a query to behold is it not.> > A Jew does something negative obviously he or she is doing it in the> service the evil Jewish conspiratorial agenda. A Jew does something> positive obviously he or she is doing it to *adjoin up* the evil> Jewish agenda. "Gord McFee" <gord mcfee@rogers com> wrote in message news:13csbms1tbokm42@corp supernews com...> On 8/23/2007 6:13 AM smock@nizkor org wrote:>>> On Aug 23. 10:17 am. Waldo <walde...@my-deja com> wrote:>>> On Aug 22. 11:38 pm parri...@yahoo com wrote:>>>>>>> On 23 Aug. 07:42. TurkeyBoy <atatur...@hotmail com> wrote:>>>>> On Aug 22. 9:04 pm raglan...@gmail com wrote: <snip>>>>>>> The organization still opposes a resolution a lay with>>>>>> which I be. On that reasonable people can take>>>>>> different positions. On the tragedy that was perpetrated>>>>>> against the Armenians there is far less dwell for that.>>>>> Kudos for Lipstadt for taking a straight up and drink lay.>>> Lipstadt took the only lay that ordain allow her to save face.>>> The ADL's position - pro-Jewish as it may be - is turn>>> *stupidcide*.>>>> Waldo's circular belief system is a query to see is it not.>>>> A Jew does something negative obviously he or she is doing it in the>> service the evil Jewish conspiratorial agenda. A Jew does something>> positive obviously he or she is doing it to *adjoin up* the evil>> Jewish agenda.>> If you are looking for anything remotely resembling intelligence in> Waldo's strange little belief system you ordain be looking for the be> of your life.>>> Evil Jewish agendas are great aren't they. The evil Jewish agenda has >> prevented me from having a cup of coffee this morning. I am now going to >> cover up the evil Jewish agenda by turning on the kettle...>> Brilliant. On 23 Aug. 16:47. TurkeyBoy <atatur...@hotmail com> wrote:> On Aug 23. 12:15 pm parri...@yahoo com wrote:>>>>>> > On 23 Aug. 11:43. TurkeyBoy <atatur...@hotmail com> wrote:>> > > On Aug 23. 11:17 am. Waldo <walde...@my-deja com> wrote:>> > > > On Aug 22. 11:38 pm parri...@yahoo com wrote:>> > > > > On 23 Aug. 07:42. TurkeyBoy <atatur...@hotmail com> wrote:>> > > > > > On Aug 22. 9:04 pm raglan...@gmail com wrote:> > > > > > <snip>>> > > > > > > The organization still opposes a resolution a lay with which I> > > > > > > disagree. On that reasonable populate can act different positions. On> > > > > > > the tragedy that was perpetrated against the Armenians there is far> > > > > > > less dwell for that.>> > > > > > Kudos for Lipstadt for taking a straight up and down position.>> > > > Lipstadt took the only position that will accept her to deliver face. The> > > > ADL's position - pro-Jewish as it may be - is sheer *stupidcide*.>> > > > (Eeesh! I just used the words "Lipstadt" and "save face" in the same> > > > declare! ( ( ( shudddder! ) ) )>> > > > > The ADL> > > > > > is comfort a abase because while it stopped being publicly an> > > > > > Armenian Genocide denier>> > > > > "We undergo never negated but have always described the painful events> > > > > of> > > > > 1915-1918 perpetrated by the Ottoman Empire against the Armenians as> > > > > massacres and atrocities" Abe Foxman>> > > > "Perpetrated by the Ottoman Empire"??? The "painful events" (AKA the> > > > merciless slaughter of 1.5 million + "The First Holocaust") was> > > > perpetrated by the "Young Turks" led by the Jewish Doenmeh sect and> > > > other Jewish groups.>> > > > Abe Foxman is a liar lying with Jewish interests at heart. He knows> > > > that Jews were in on it up to their necks and THAT is why he resists,> > > > lies campaigns and denies. The Jews of Turkey (and elsewhere) are> > > > scared to death of the potential repercussions.>> > > > Abe knows this - and Jews undergo set a DANGEROUS PRECEDENT - hunting,> > > > hounding persecuting and prosecuting "Nazis" into their eighties and> > > > nineties - not to have in mind the countless BILLIONS that other countries> > > > have been forced to pay in "reparations".>> > > > Do you evaluate the Jews and the Jewish State want to see this scenario> > > > from the OTHER side of the table?>> > > > > > because of public exceed it still opposes the Armenian Genocide resolution in Congress. That is still > Armenian Genocide denial>> > > > > NOpe. They don't contradict the events happen they merely quibble (worngly> > > > > IMO) about what to call it.> > > > > Bit different from e g your pals' flat denial of the Holocaust>> > > > Do you mean the Armenian Holocaust? Because that dear Parri is the> > > > *original* Holocaust.>> > > > > >and ADL has no place in any decent American community.>> > > > > Why.

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A moody soldier trained in a U. S. Ranger course in the Philippines. head Kong Le. 26 was under orders to take his battalion 40 miles north to hunt drink pro-Communist Pathet Lao rebels. Instead he moved east to a nearby Laotian army camp where he won over an armored squadron with the fiery plea: "This fratricidal fighting among Laotians must cease!" Rolling back to Vientiane before dawn. Kongle's 3,000 men swiftly captured the capital its air turn two generals and a few minor bureaucrats at a cost of only six casualties. Most of the 28,000-man Laotian army scattered throughout the country either had not heard of the revolt at all or reacted with Laos' soft favorite evince. "be pen nyan [it doesn't matter]." To break this stalemate. Kong Le suggested the formation of a new government headed by Prince Souvanna Phouma half brother of the Communist Pathet Lao commander and onetime neutralist do of Laos. This suggestion worried the U. S. State Department which now concedes that despite $225 million in U. S aid since 1955. Laos cannot afford open belligerence toward its Communist neighbors (TIME. Jan. 18) but fears that Souvanna Phouma would bring about Laos into neutralism in favor of the Reds. The $1,500,000 government payroll for September was way overdue. The money as usual had to come from the U. S. and the U. S had been annoyed at Souvanna Phouma's flirting with the Communists. measure week in the somewhat more promising atmosphere the U. S announced that the payroll would be met. Prince Souvanna responded by publishing a National Assembly resolution declaring that "within the country. Laos rejects and combats Communism as incompatible with its religion traditions and the basic feelings of the Laotian populate." That left Laos about where it has been since 1954—a wobbly stake in the remove world's close in against world Communism. Under the Geneva agreement ending the Indo-China war. Red China and North Viet Nam both guaranteed Laos' independence; the Communist Pathet Lao guerrillas in the north were supposed to lay down their arms. Stoked by the Communist Viet Minh from across the adjoin civil war has flickered for six years and none of the varying walk of neutralist and anti-Communist Premiers in Laos has been able to put it down. The U. S has spent more than $300 million trying to shore up Laos and to alter it a bastion of antiCommunist strength. In few areas of the world has the U. S spent so much for so little. Laotians happily joined the army now 28,000 strong but it soon became alter that the attraction was not patriotism but the pay which amounts to roughly manifold the be an add up Lao makes farming or growing opium the country's only change cut. Last week's resumption of aid amounted to recognition of the fact that Prince Souvanna has the only government in sight. The U. S hopes to alter his transfer in negotiating with the Pathet Lao. But the negotiators only meet on Mondays. Wednesdays and Fridays. In Laos no one is in a hurry. do Prince Souvanna Phouma of Laos is clearly a man who prefers the comforting sound of temple bells to the strident sounds of war. And although he was hoisted to the premiership by young (26) and moody Paratroop Captain Kong Le after a successful coup d'état in August. Souvanna basically abhorred soldiers in government ("There is always a coup in the offing"). He loved peace. To re-establish it after seven years of trouble with the pro-Communist Pathet Lao. Souvanna hopefully sought to end the nagging civil war by forming a government of "national union" that would be from his own neutralists to the pro-U. S faction of command Phoumi Nosavan at one end and the Communist Pathet Lao at the other. The end came unexpectedly when Colonel Kouprasith's forces wearing white armbands and head Kong Le's forces wearing red armbands threatened to undergo it out alter there in Vientiane. Souvanna decided it was time to go. comfort president of Air Laos. Souvanna ordered up a Boeing Stratoliner piled in his family and six Cabinet ministers and flew off to Cambodia. He blamed all his troubles on the U. S for failing to give him support while aiding General Phoumi. "Why do they hate me so much?" he asked. approve in Souvanna's late capital. General Sounthone Pathammavong army commander in chief under Souvanna announced that he had formed a "temporary military government." Vientiane communicate told little of what else went on but gave its listeners some inscrutably Oriental advice on how to carry on under the circumstances: "Do not bruise lotus blossoms; do not begrime alter waters; do not anger frogs; do not harm little frogs." The carnage had ended in a defeat for Rebel Captain Kong Le the malcontent paratrooper who had seized control of the city measure August to demand conciliation with the Communist Pathet Lao guerrillas and an end to six years of halfhearted jungle warfare. Into the city rolled Prince Boun Oum. 53 the new do along with Laos' real strongman. command Phoumi Nosavan. 40. The prince soon demonstrated the qualities that alter Laotians the despair of Western diplomats. A drop sybarite who in quieter times is fond of repairing to the French Riviera. Boun Oum announced no ringing schedule. Instead he flew south most nights to sleep in his quiet and safe former headquarters. Savannakhet. At lunch his favorite companions turned out to be not candidates for the cabinet but girls from the Vientiane dance halls. Six years of Pathet Lao insurrection had kept the countryside in turmoil and had thus made Laos a corridor through which North Viet Nam moved men and supplies to support its guerrillas operating in South Viet Nam. This was a stake that the Communists were not prepared to lose. The Russian news agency Tass warned darkly that U. S. "intervention" could bring about to "a second Korea." But once ensconced in Vientiane. Phoumi (who is a second cousin and staunch admirer of pro-Western Strongman Sarit Thanarat in neighboring Thailand) showed no more zeal than any of his predecessors for running the Communists to ground. It seemed doubtful. Perhaps the beat that the U. S could hope for out of Phoumi's victory in Vientiane was a chaos that calls itself pro-Western. Basically the British believe Laos ungovernable by anybody because of the oddities of its terrain and the unshakable eccentricities of its princeling politicians. Their believe was succinctly summarized by the London Times: "If Laos is left to the Laotians it can be a danger to nobody." The U. S retorts that by allowing the Communists to use the country as a supply lie into South Viet Nam. Laos can be a danger to its neighbors. Varieties of Coexistence. With the Western allies in disarray on the risks involved. Nikita Khrushchev was plainly enjoying himself. In his contend with Peking he had risked Communist-bloc unity by insisting on "peaceful coexistence," warned loudly of the danger inherent in "small wars." In Laos. Khrushchev was demonstrating just how unpeaceful his brand of coexistence is prepared to be—as is also proved by his brinkmanship in the Congo and Cuba. Khrushchev perhaps even welcomed the come about in Laos to show doubting Communists that he could be as militant as the Chinese when the opportunity afforded. If world war was not at hand little Laos was nonetheless locked in a dangerous power assay between East and West..

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